Environmental Degradation of Petroleum Coke: Risks to Safety in Confined Spaces

Abstract

Microstructural characterization of materials can be a decisive tool for identifying conditions that intensify chemical risks in industrial confined spaces. This study investigates the storage of petroleum coke inside an industrial tunnel, analyzing microstructural changes in the material using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The research highlights how environmental variables such as moisture and soil contact influence the composition and stability of the coke. The analyses revealed significant differences between samples collected from the yard (dry appearance and standard composition) and those from inside the tunnel (moist, heterogeneous, and with a higher presence of fine particles – PM10). The interaction of elements such as carbon, iron, silicon, and aluminum in humid environments can increase health risks for workers and raise the likelihood of critical events such as explosions. The findings reinforce the importance of microstructural analysis not only as a technical diagnostic tool but also as a strategic foundation for planning control measures, including the development of ventilation plans tailored to the confined space environment.